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spec.md
82
spec.md
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# fLisp
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- S-expressions:
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- S-expressions:
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`(<function> [arg0 ... argN])`
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Will call function with optional args arg0-argN
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`([*]<variable> [arg | *arg] [arg2])`
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C : int x = a[0];
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```
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For vectors and strings, it's a shallow copy (data is the same) unless a `*`
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is specified before [arg]
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is specified before `[arg]`
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- Compiled to bytecode
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In this document :
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- <...> :
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- `<...>` :
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Mandatory argument
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- [...] :
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- `[...]` :
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Optional argument
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- | :
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- `|` :
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Or
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## Core types
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- null :
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- `null`:
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Represents a null value - always evaluates to false
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- int :
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- `int`:
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32 bit signed integer, evaluates to false if zero and true otherwise
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- fix :
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- `fix`:
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16:16 bit fixed point signed integer, same evaluation rules as ints
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- float :
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- `float`:
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32bit IEEE floating point value, same evaluation as ints (within
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`FL_ESPILOǸ̀`)
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- str:
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- `str`:
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ASCII character string - always evaluates to false
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- fn:
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- `fn`:
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Function, function "variables" are inherently of type fn - handle with care !
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- vec :
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Vectors of any type,
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- `vec`:
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Vectors of any type
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## Core functions
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- `(var[:type] <name> [size])` :
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- `(var[:type] <name> [size])`:
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Declares a global variable of optional type type and name name
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if type is of format `:vec:<type>`, the variable will be a vector
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of type type, and optional size size (otherwise size 0)
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(if type isn't specified it is inferred)
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- `(let[:type] <name>)`:
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- `(let[:type] <name>)`:
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Same as var, but variable is of local scope (recommended)
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- `(if <cond> [expressions])`:
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- `(if <cond> [expressions])`:
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If cond evaluates to true, will execute optional expressions
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- `(else [expressions])`:
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- `(else [expressions])`:
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Must follow a if, will execute if the if's cond evaluates to false
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- `(while <cond> [expressions])`:
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- `(while <cond> [expressions])`:
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while cond evalutates to true, will execute optional expressions
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- `(fn (<name> [arg0[:type] ... argN[:type]]) [expressions])` :
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- `(fn (<name> [arg0[:type] ... argN[:type]]) [expressions])` :
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Declares a function of name name, optional args arg0-argN with optional
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types (recommended to explicit them), that executes optional expressions
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The name cannot be a variable
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- `(import <lib0> [... libN])` :
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- `(import <lib0> [... libN])` :
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Import the functions and variables from lib0-libN
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For the following numerical functions, values must be scalars (except + and =,
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For the following numerical functions, values must be scalars (except + and =,
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where they may be strings), and of the same type
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- `(+ <a> <b>)`:
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- `(+ <a> <b>)`:
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Returns a+b, if they are both strings they will be concatenated
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- `(- <a> <b>)`:
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- `(- <a> <b>)`:
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Returns a-b
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- `(* <a> <b>)`:
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- `(* <a> <b>)`:
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Returns a×b
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- `(/ <a> <b>)`:
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- `(/ <a> <b>)`:
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Returns a/b
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- `(% <a> <b>)`:
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- `(% <a> <b>)`:
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Returns a%b
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- `(< <a> <b>)`:
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- `(< <a> <b>)`:
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Returns 1 if a < b, else 0
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- ̀`(<= <a> <b>)`:
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- ̀`(<= <a> <b>)`:
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Returns 1 if a <= b, else 0
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- `(= <a> <b>)̀̀`:
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- `(= <a> <b>)̀̀`:
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Returns 1 if a == b, else 0
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- `(>= <a> <b>)`:
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- `(>= <a> <b>)`:
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Returns 1 if a >= b, else 0
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- `(> <a> <b>)`:
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- `(> <a> <b>)`:
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Returns 1 if a > b, else 0
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## console functions
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- `(input)`:
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- `(input)`:
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Will try to get input from the user, returns it as a string
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- `(write <var>)`:
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- `(write <var>)`:
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Will try to cast var to string then print it to the console
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- `(newline)`:
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Will print a newline to the console (newline characters aren't escaped with
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- `(newline)`:
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Will print a newline to the console (newline characters aren't escaped with
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write)
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## gint functions
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# Bytecode
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- 8 byte Value :
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- 8 byte Value :
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2 bytes tag, 6 bytes value itself
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- 4 byte bytecode ops:
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- 4 byte bytecode ops:
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1 byte op, 3 byte args (named 1-3)
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## Bytecode types
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- `T_Int` -> int
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- `T_Fix` -> fix
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- `T_Float` -> float
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- `T_Str` -> string :
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- `T_Str` -> string :
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- If shorter than 4 chars (+ `\0`), is a "compact string"
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- Otherwise, gets converted to a vector, inherently of chars
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- `T_Fn` -> fn / function
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- `popl` : pops the last #2 values on stack, starting from #1
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- `cst0` : 2:3 -> LSW of 3
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- `cst1` : 2:3 -> MSW of 3
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- `iter` : Iterates on vector 1, keeping track with int value at 2, and sets
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int value at 3 to 1 when done
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to 1
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- `iter` : Iterates on vector 1, keeping track with int value at 2, and sets
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int value at 3 to 1 when done
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to 1
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@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
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#pragma once
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#define FL_EPSILON (1e-6f)
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enum OpTypes {
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OP_add = 0,
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OP_sub = 1,
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#include <string.h>
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#include "types.h"
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#include "byte_defs.h"
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int main(){
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