libc: add random number generation with TinyMT

TinyMT is licensed under its own terms. See src/std/tinymt/LICENSE.txt.

README.md

@@ -15,6 +15,13 @@ This is free software: you may use it for any purpose, share it, and modify it
 as long as you share your changes. Credit is not required, but please let me
 know!
 
+gint also includes third-party code that is distributed under its own license.
+Currently, this only includes:
+
+* A stripped-down version of the [TinyMT random number generator](http://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~m-mat/MT/TINYMT/index.html)
+  ([GitHub repository](https://github.com/MersenneTwister-Lab/TinyMT)) by
+  Mutsuo Saito and Makoto Matsumoto. See `src/std/tinymt32/LICENSE.txt`.
+
 ## Programming interface
 
 Because of its free-standing design, gint's API provides direct and efficient
@@ -52,7 +59,7 @@ or both. There are a few dependencies:
   default.
 
 fx-CG 50 developers probably want a g3a wrapper as well; the reference
-implementation is tari's [mkg3a](https://gitlab.com/taricorp/mkg3a). This is
+implementation is Tari's [mkg3a](https://gitlab.com/taricorp/mkg3a). This is
 needed at the very last compilation step to create the g3a file. On Arch Linux,
 you can use the [AUR/mkg3a](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/mkg3a) package
 maintained directly by Tari.
@@ -64,7 +71,8 @@ By default gint will be installed in the appropriate compiler folder, which
 is `$PREFIX/` for libraries and linker scripts, and `$PREFIX/include/gint/` for
 headers, where `PREFIX` is obtained by running
 `${toolchain}-gcc --print-search-dirs` and reading the line that starts with
-`install:`. You can change this with the `--prefix` configure option.
+`install:`. You can change this with the `--prefix` configure option, but
+normally you don't need to.
 
 ### Building for fx-9860G II
 

include/gint/std/stdlib.h

@@ -19,4 +19,10 @@ void *calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size);
 /* realloc(): Reallocate dynamic memory */
 void *realloc(void *ptr, size_t size);
 
+/* srand(): Seed the PRNG */
+void srand(unsigned int seed);
+
+/* rand(): Generate a pseudo-random number */
+int rand(void);
+
 #endif /* GINT_STD_STDLIB */

src/core/start.c

@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ static void regclr(uint32_t *r, int32_t s)
 #define regclr(r, s) regclr(&r, (int32_t)&s)
 
 /* explore() - read data from a memory region to get it mapped by the system
-   This function accesses all the 1k-blocks between b and b + s. This
-   corresponds to region [b; b+s) when b and s are 1k-aligned.
-   @b  Base pointer: first address checked
+   This function accesses all the 1k-blocks between b and b+s. This corresponds
+   to the region [b; b+s) when b and s are 1k-aligned.
+   @b  Base pointer (first address checked)
    @s  Size of region */
 GSECTION(".pretext")
 static void explore(volatile void *b, int32_t s)

src/std/tinymt32/LICENSE.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+Copyright (c) 2011 Mutsuo Saito, Makoto Matsumoto, Hiroshima
+University and The University of Tokyo. All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+      disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
+      with the distribution.
+    * Neither the name of the Hiroshima University nor the names of
+      its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+      derived from this software without specific prior written
+      permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

src/std/tinymt32/rand.c

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include <gint/std/stdlib.h>
+#include "tinymt32.h"
+
+static tinymt32_t random;
+
+void srand(unsigned int seed)
+{
+	tinymt32_init(&random, seed);
+}
+
+int rand(void)
+{
+	return tinymt32_generate_uint32(&random);
+}

src/std/tinymt32/tinymt32.c

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/**
+ * @file tinymt32.c
+ *
+ * @brief Tiny Mersenne Twister only 127 bit internal state
+ *
+ * @author Mutsuo Saito (Hiroshima University)
+ * @author Makoto Matsumoto (The University of Tokyo)
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 Mutsuo Saito, Makoto Matsumoto,
+ * Hiroshima University and The University of Tokyo.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * The 3-clause BSD License is applied to this software, see
+ * LICENSE.txt
+ */
+
+/* Note: this is a stripped-down version of TinyMT that only includes the
+   32-bit integer generator. For the full version, please see
+     <https://github.com/MersenneTwister-Lab/TinyMT>. */
+
+#include "tinymt32.h"
+
+#define TINYMT32_SH0 1
+#define TINYMT32_SH1 10
+#define TINYMT32_SH8 8
+#define TINYMT32_MASK 0x7fffffff
+
+/**
+ * This function changes internal state of tinymt32.
+ * Users should not call this function directly.
+ * @param random tinymt internal status
+ */
+static void tinymt32_next_state(tinymt32_t * random) {
+    uint32_t x;
+    uint32_t y;
+
+    y = random->status[3];
+    x = (random->status[0] & TINYMT32_MASK)
+        ^ random->status[1]
+        ^ random->status[2];
+    x ^= (x << TINYMT32_SH0);
+    y ^= (y >> TINYMT32_SH0) ^ x;
+    random->status[0] = random->status[1];
+    random->status[1] = random->status[2];
+    random->status[2] = x ^ (y << TINYMT32_SH1);
+    random->status[3] = y;
+    random->status[1] ^= -((int32_t)(y & 1)) & random->mat1;
+    random->status[2] ^= -((int32_t)(y & 1)) & random->mat2;
+}
+
+/**
+ * This function outputs 32-bit unsigned integer from internal state.
+ * Users should not call this function directly.
+ * @param random tinymt internal status
+ * @return 32-bit unsigned pseudorandom number
+ */
+static uint32_t tinymt32_temper(tinymt32_t * random) {
+    uint32_t t0, t1;
+    t0 = random->status[3];
+#if defined(LINEARITY_CHECK)
+    t1 = random->status[0]
+        ^ (random->status[2] >> TINYMT32_SH8);
+#else
+    t1 = random->status[0]
+        + (random->status[2] >> TINYMT32_SH8);
+#endif
+    t0 ^= t1;
+    t0 ^= -((int32_t)(t1 & 1)) & random->tmat;
+    return t0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * This function outputs 32-bit unsigned integer from internal state.
+ * @param random tinymt internal status
+ * @return 32-bit unsigned integer r (0 <= r < 2^32)
+ */
+uint32_t tinymt32_generate_uint32(tinymt32_t * random) {
+    tinymt32_next_state(random);
+    return tinymt32_temper(random);
+}
+
+#define MIN_LOOP 8
+#define PRE_LOOP 8
+
+/**
+ * This function certificate the period of 2^127-1.
+ * @param random tinymt state vector.
+ */
+static void period_certification(tinymt32_t * random) {
+    if ((random->status[0] & TINYMT32_MASK) == 0 &&
+    random->status[1] == 0 &&
+    random->status[2] == 0 &&
+    random->status[3] == 0) {
+    random->status[0] = 'T';
+    random->status[1] = 'I';
+    random->status[2] = 'N';
+    random->status[3] = 'Y';
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * This function initializes the internal state array with a 32-bit
+ * unsigned integer seed.
+ * @param random tinymt state vector.
+ * @param seed a 32-bit unsigned integer used as a seed.
+ */
+void tinymt32_init(tinymt32_t * random, uint32_t seed) {
+    random->status[0] = seed;
+    random->status[1] = random->mat1;
+    random->status[2] = random->mat2;
+    random->status[3] = random->tmat;
+    for (int i = 1; i < MIN_LOOP; i++) {
+    random->status[i & 3] ^= i + UINT32_C(1812433253)
+        * (random->status[(i - 1) & 3]
+           ^ (random->status[(i - 1) & 3] >> 30));
+    }
+    period_certification(random);
+    for (int i = 0; i < PRE_LOOP; i++) {
+    tinymt32_next_state(random);
+    }
+}

src/std/tinymt32/tinymt32.h

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#ifndef TINYMT32_H
+#define TINYMT32_H
+/**
+ * @file tinymt32.h
+ *
+ * @brief Tiny Mersenne Twister only 127 bit internal state
+ *
+ * @author Mutsuo Saito (Hiroshima University)
+ * @author Makoto Matsumoto (University of Tokyo)
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 Mutsuo Saito, Makoto Matsumoto,
+ * Hiroshima University and The University of Tokyo.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * The 3-clause BSD License is applied to this software, see
+ * LICENSE.txt
+ */
+
+/* Note: this is a stripped-down version of TinyMT that only includes the
+   32-bit integer generator. For the full version, please see
+     <https://github.com/MersenneTwister-Lab/TinyMT>. */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+/**
+ * tinymt32 internal state vector and parameters
+ */
+struct TINYMT32_T {
+    uint32_t status[4];
+    uint32_t mat1;
+    uint32_t mat2;
+    uint32_t tmat;
+};
+
+typedef struct TINYMT32_T tinymt32_t;
+
+uint32_t tinymt32_generate_uint32(tinymt32_t *random);
+void tinymt32_init(tinymt32_t *random, uint32_t seed);
+
+#endif