diff --git a/src/fs/fygue/fat/cluster.c b/src/fs/fygue/fat/cluster.c
index 6774a48..c3b26e6 100644
--- a/src/fs/fygue/fat/cluster.c
+++ b/src/fs/fygue/fat/cluster.c
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 // Public
 //---
 
-/* fygue_fat_cluster_next() - find the next cluster ID of a file */
-int fygue_fat_cluster_next(struct fygue_fat *fat, int *cluster_current)
+/* fygue_fat_cluster_get_next() - find the next cluster ID of a file */
+int fygue_fat_cluster_get_next(struct fygue_fat *fat, int *cluster_current)
 {
     uint16_t *fat0;
     int cluster;
diff --git a/src/fs/fygue/fat/fat.h b/src/fs/fygue/fat/fat.h
index b695e4d..1f1e17e 100644
--- a/src/fs/fygue/fat/fat.h
+++ b/src/fs/fygue/fat/fat.h
@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@ struct fygue_fat_dirent
     unsigned int cluster_id;
 };
 
-
 /* fygue_fat_dir - fygue directory information */
 struct fygue_fat_dir
 {
@@ -67,6 +66,25 @@ struct fygue_fat_dir
     bool dirty;
 };
 
+/* fygue_fat_file: file information needed to perform IO primitives */
+struct fygue_fat_file
+{
+    int todo;
+};
+
+/* fygue_fat_resolve: internal resolve information */
+struct fygue_fat_resolve
+{
+    enum {
+        FYGUE_FAT_FILE_TYPE_FILE,
+        FYGUE_FAT_FILE_TYPE_DIR,
+    } type;
+    union {
+        struct fygue_fat_file file;
+        struct fygue_fat_dir dir;
+    };
+};
+
 /* fygue_fat_init_cold() - fully initialize the FAT information */
 extern int fygue_fat_init_cold(struct fygue_fat *fat);
 
@@ -77,7 +95,7 @@ extern int fygue_fat_init_hot(struct fygue_fat *fat);
 extern int fygue_fat_resolve(
     struct fygue_fat *fat,
     char const * const path,
-    struct fygue_fat_dirent *dirent
+    struct fygue_fat_resolve *resolve
 );
 
 /* fygue_fat_readdir(): readdir primitive */
diff --git a/src/fs/fygue/fat/initialize.c b/src/fs/fygue/fat/initialize.c
index 32b3fd4..d4d24ea 100644
--- a/src/fs/fygue/fat/initialize.c
+++ b/src/fs/fygue/fat/initialize.c
@@ -193,3 +193,11 @@ int fygue_fat_init_cold(struct fygue_fat *fat)
     }
     return 0;
 }
+
+/* fygue_fat_init_hot(): re-initialize the FAT information */
+int fygue_fat_init_hot(struct fygue_fat *fat)
+{
+    //FIXME: implement
+    (void)fat;
+    return -3;
+}
diff --git a/src/fs/fygue/fat/resolve.c b/src/fs/fygue/fat/resolve.c
index 1a91174..6f69faf 100644
--- a/src/fs/fygue/fat/resolve.c
+++ b/src/fs/fygue/fat/resolve.c
@@ -11,14 +11,18 @@
  *   - assume that prefix is not NULL and clean
  *   - assume that size is not NULL
  *   - assume that prefix can start with '/' */
-static int _fygue_path_get_name(char const **prefix, size_t *len)
-{
+static int _fygue_path_get_name(
+    char const **prefix,
+    char const **filename,
+    size_t *len
+) {
     while ((*prefix)[0] == '/') {
         *prefix = &((*prefix)[1]);
     }
     if ((*prefix)[0] == '\0')
         return -1;
     *len = 0;
+    *filename = *prefix;
     while ((*prefix)[0] != '\0' && (*prefix)[0] != '/') {
         *len += 1;
         *prefix = &((*prefix)[1]);
@@ -38,6 +42,8 @@ static int _fygue_dirent_resolve(
         dir->cluster_entry      = 0;
         dir->root_dirent_count  = fat->RootEntCount;
     } else {
+        if ((dirent->type & 0x10) == 0x00)
+            return -1;
         dir->cluster_entry      = dirent->cluster_id;
         dir->root_dirent_count  = 0;
     }
@@ -78,10 +84,28 @@ static int _fygue_dirent_find(
     }
 }
 
+/* _fygue_resolve_set(): setup the resolve response */
+static int _fygue_resolve_set(
+    struct fygue_fat *fat,
+    struct fygue_fat_resolve *resolve,
+    struct fygue_fat_dirent *dirent
+) {
+    resolve->type = FYGUE_FAT_FILE_TYPE_DIR;
+    if (_fygue_dirent_resolve(fat, &(resolve->dir), dirent) == 0)
+        return 0;
+    resolve->type = FYGUE_FAT_FILE_TYPE_FILE;
+    // todo: support IO file information
+    return 0;
+}
+
 //---
 // Public
 //---
 
+char const *debug_prefix = "";
+char const *debug_start = "";
+size_t debug_len = 0;
+
 /* fygue_fat_resolve(): resolve any path provided
  *
  * notes
@@ -89,40 +113,42 @@ static int _fygue_dirent_find(
 int fygue_fat_resolve(
     struct fygue_fat *fat,
     char const * const path,
-    struct fygue_fat_dirent *dirent
+    struct fygue_fat_resolve *resolve
 ) {
+    struct fygue_fat_dirent dirent;
     struct fygue_fat_dir dir;
     char const *prefix;
+    char const *start;
     size_t len;
     bool is_root;
 
-    if (fat == NULL || path == NULL || dirent == NULL)
+    if (fat == NULL || path == NULL || resolve == NULL)
         return -1;
     if (path[0] != '/')
         return -1;
-    if (_fygue_dirent_resolve(fat, &dir, NULL) != 0)
-        return -3;
     prefix = path;
     is_root = true;
     while (true)
     {
-        if (_fygue_path_get_name(&prefix, &len) != 0)
+        if (is_root) {
+            if (_fygue_dirent_resolve(fat, &dir, NULL) != 0)
+                return -3;
+            if (_fygue_path_get_name(&prefix, &start, &len) != 0)
+                break;
+            is_root = false;
+            continue;
+        }
+        debug_prefix = prefix;
+        debug_start = start;
+        debug_len = len;
+        if (_fygue_dirent_find(fat, &dir, &dirent, start, len) != 0)
+            return -4;
+        if (_fygue_path_get_name(&prefix, &start, &len) != 0)
             break;
-        is_root = false;
-        if (_fygue_dirent_find(fat, &dir, dirent, prefix, len) != 0)
-            return -4;
-        if (_fygue_dirent_resolve(fat, &dir, dirent) != 0)
-            return -4;
+        if (_fygue_dirent_resolve(fat, &dir, &dirent) != 0)
+            return -5;
     }
     if (is_root)
-    {
-        memset(dirent, 0x00, sizeof(struct fygue_fat_dirent));
-        dirent->name[0]     = '/';
-        dirent->name[1]     = '\0';
-        dirent->type        = 0x10;
-        dirent->size        = sizeof(struct fygue_fat_dirent);
-        dirent->meta_addr   = dir.dirent_current_addr;
-        dirent->cluster_id  = dir.cluster_entry;
-    }
-    return 0;
+        return _fygue_resolve_set(fat, resolve, NULL);
+    return _fygue_resolve_set(fat, resolve, &dirent);
 }
diff --git a/src/fs/fygue/fygue.c b/src/fs/fygue/fygue.c
index e68805f..691e79a 100644
--- a/src/fs/fygue/fygue.c
+++ b/src/fs/fygue/fygue.c
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
 #include "fygue.h"
 
 //---
@@ -45,23 +46,35 @@ int fygue_mount(struct fygue_fsinfo **fsinfo, bool refresh)
  *   - assume that path is clean
  *   - automatically mount the filesystem if needed
  *   - the saved pathname will not be saved in stat */
-int fygue_resolve(
-    char const * const path,
-    int *type,
-    struct fygue_stat *stat
-) {
+int fygue_resolve(char const * const path, struct fygue_resolve *resolve)
+{
     struct fygue_fsinfo *fsinfo;
-    struct fygue_fat_dirent dirent;
+    struct fygue_fat_resolve fat_resolve;
 
-    if (path == NULL || path[0] != '\\')
+    if (path == NULL || path[0] != '/' || resolve == NULL)
         return -1;
     if (fygue_mount(&fsinfo, true) != 0)
         return -2;
-    if (fygue_fat_resolve(&(fsinfo->fat), path, &dirent) != 0)
-        return -3;
-    (void)type;
-    (void)stat;
-    // todo: convert FAT dirent into Fygue stat
+    int rc = fygue_fat_resolve(&(fsinfo->fat), path, &fat_resolve);
+    if (rc < 0)
+        return rc;
+    if (fat_resolve.type == FYGUE_FAT_FILE_TYPE_FILE)
+    {
+        resolve->type = FYGUE_FILE_TYPE_DIR;
+        resolve->file.cursor = 0;
+        memcpy(
+            &(resolve->file.fat),
+            &(fat_resolve.file),
+            sizeof(struct fygue_fat_file)
+        );
+    } else {
+        resolve->type = FYGUE_FILE_TYPE_DIR;
+        memcpy(
+            &(resolve->dir.fat),
+            &(fat_resolve.dir),
+            sizeof(struct fygue_fat_dir)
+        );
+    }
     return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/fs/fygue/fygue.h b/src/fs/fygue/fygue.h
index 5659f33..f56e91f 100644
--- a/src/fs/fygue/fygue.h
+++ b/src/fs/fygue/fygue.h
@@ -62,28 +62,42 @@ struct fygue_fsinfo
     bool dirty;
 };
 
-/* fygue_stat: internals file information */
-struct fygue_stat {
-    int type;
+/* fygue_resolve: internals file information */
+struct fygue_resolve {
+    enum {
+        FYGUE_FILE_TYPE_FILE,
+        FYGUE_FILE_TYPE_DIR,
+    } type;
     union {
         struct {
-            int file;
-        };
+            off_t cursor;
+            struct fygue_fat_file fat;
+        } file;
         struct {
-            int dir;
-        };
+            struct fygue_fat_dir fat;
+        } dir;
     };
 };
 
-/* fygue_file_descriptor: internal file descriptor information */
-struct fygue_file_descriptor
+/* fygue_descriptor: internal file descriptor information */
+struct fygue_descriptor
 {
+    struct fygue_resolve resolve;
+    char const *path;
+    int flags;
     bool dirty;
 };
 
 /* fygue_mount(): mount and return the filesystem info */
 extern int fygue_mount(struct fygue_fsinfo **fsinfo, bool refresh);
 
+
+/* fygue_resolve() - try to resolve path */
+extern int fygue_resolve(
+    char const * const path,
+    struct fygue_resolve *resolve
+);
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/src/fs/fygue/fygue_open.c b/src/fs/fygue/fygue_open.c
index 440fa94..8011574 100644
--- a/src/fs/fygue/fygue_open.c
+++ b/src/fs/fygue/fygue_open.c
@@ -1,83 +1,61 @@
-#if 0
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <gint/gint.h>
 #include <gint/bfile.h>
-#include "../fugue/util.h"
+#include "../fugue/fugue.h"
 #include "fygue.h"
-#include "utils.h"
 
+/* fygue_open(): open primitive */
 int fygue_open(char const *path, int flags, GUNUSED mode_t mode)
 {
-    int rc;
+    struct fygue_descriptor *desc;
+    struct fygue_resolve resolve;
+    fs_descriptor_t data;
 
     ENOTSUP_IF_NOT_FYGUE(-1);
 
-    /* Exclusive open means no sense unless creation is also requested */
-    bool excl = (flags & O_EXCL) && (flags & O_CREAT);
-    /* Truncation requires the file to be removed/recreated */
-    bool trunc = (flags & O_TRUNC) && (flags & O_CREAT);
+    /* resolve the entry */
+    int exists = fygue_resolve(path, &resolve);
 
-    /* stat the entry */
-    exists = fygue_resolve(path);
+    /* if opening fails and no explicit file creation is required, fail */
+    if ((exists < 0 && (!(flags & O_CREAT) || (flags & O_DIRECTORY)))) {
+        errno = ENOENT;
+        return exists;
+    }
 
-    /* If the entry exists and O_EXCL was requested, fail. */
-    if(exists && excl) {
+    /* if opening fails and the previous check as not returned an error,
+     * it is certainly because of a creation request. We are a read-only
+     * file-system, so, fail */
+    if (exists < 0) {
+        errno = EROFS;
+        return exists;
+    }
+
+    /* If the entry exists and O_EXCL was requested, fail.
+     * note that Exclusive open means no sense unless creation is also
+     * requested */
+    if(exists >= 0 && (flags & O_EXCL)) {
         errno = EEXIST;
         return -1;
     }
 
-    /* If the entry is not a directory but O_DIRECTORY is set, fail. If the
-       directory doesn't exist, we fail regardless of O_CREAT. */
-    if((flags & O_DIRECTORY) && type != BFile_Type_Directory) {
-        errno = (exists ? ENOTDIR : ENOENT);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    /* If the entry is a directory, open it as such */
-    if(type == BFile_Type_Directory) {
-        void *dp = fugue_dir_explore(path);
-        if(!dp) {
-            rc = -1;
-            goto end;
-        }
-        fs_descriptor_t data = {
-            .type = &fugue_dir_descriptor_type,
-            .data = dp,
-        };
-        return = fs_create_descriptor(&data);
-    }
-
-    /* prepare Fugue/Casio path */
-    uint16_t *fcpath = fs_path_normalize_fc(path);
-    if(fcpath == NULL) {
+    /* generate the final file descriptor */
+    desc = calloc(1, sizeof(struct fygue_descriptor));
+    if (desc == NULL) {
         errno = ENOMEM;
         return -1;
     }
-
-    /* If O_TRUNC is requested and either the file exists or we can create
-     * it, remove it. (If fugue_fd < 0 an opening error might still have
-     * occurred so we delete it just in case.) */
-    if((flags & O_TRUNC) && (fugue_fd >= 0 || (flags & O_CREAT))) {
-        gint_world_enter(GINT_WORLD_OS);
-        BFile_Remove(fcpath);
-        gint_world_leave();
-        fugue_fd = BFile_EntryNotFound;
-    }
-
-    /* If the file does not exist and O_CREAT is set, create it */
-    if((flags & O_CREAT) && ((flags & O_TRUNC) || fugue_fd < 0))
-    {
-        int new_file_size = 0;
-        gint_world_enter(GINT_WORLD_OS);
-        int err = BFile_Create(fcpath, BFile_File, &new_file_size);
-        gint_world_leave();
-        if(err < 0) {
-            errno = bfile_error_to_errno(err);
+    desc->path = strdup(path);
+    desc->flags = flags;
+    memcpy(&(desc->resolve), &resolve, sizeof(struct fygue_resolve));
+    data.type = &fygue_descriptor_type;
+    data.data = desc;
+    if (flags & O_DIRECTORY) {
+        if (resolve.type != FYGUE_FILE_TYPE_DIR) {
+            errno = ENOTDIR;
             return -1;
         }
+        data.type = &fygue_dir_descriptor_type;
     }
-
-end:
-    free(fcpath);
-    return rc;
+    return fs_create_descriptor(&data);
 }
-#endif
diff --git a/src/fs/fygue/fygue_syncfs.c b/src/fs/fygue/fygue_syncfs.c
index 9a596cd..a6403c3 100644
--- a/src/fs/fygue/fygue_syncfs.c
+++ b/src/fs/fygue/fygue_syncfs.c
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 int fygue_syncfs(void *data)
 {
     struct fygue_fsinfo *fsinfo;
-    struct fygue_file_descriptor *descriptor;
+    struct fygue_descriptor *descriptor;
 
     if (data == NULL)
         return -1;
diff --git a/src/fs/open.c b/src/fs/open.c
index ac1c4b4..a795b2e 100644
--- a/src/fs/open.c
+++ b/src/fs/open.c
@@ -12,20 +12,12 @@ int open(char const *path, int flags, ...)
 
 	/* Standard open() use Fugue filesystem if a write operation
      * is requested, otherwise use the Fygue filesystem */
-    int rc = 0;
+    int rc = -1;
     if ((flags & O_WRONLY) || (flags & O_RDWR)) {
         rc = fugue_open(path, flags, mode);
+        fs_fygue_sync();
     } else {
         rc = fygue_open(path, flags, mode);
     }
-    /* Even with Fygue open primitive, request a sync for all Fygue's
-     * descriptor because when some flags are set (e.g O_CREATE) Fygue
-     * invoke BFile_*() syscall that perform IO operation.
-     *
-     * Note that Fygue's open() primitive with perform a "lazy" open
-     * operation by simply ensure that the file exists and mark the file
-     * descriptor as dirty to force internal data refresh on the next
-     * Fygue's IO operation */
-    fs_fygue_sync();
     return rc;
 }